Serbia. (The gentle wind of the energy law was distantly submitted to the Serbian Senate on 14 July, and is barred at (PDF) or Predlog Zakona o energetici (HTML).) On 9 July one posted the tailing comment:
Categorization,
Do you report what other options do the renewable energy producers in
Serbia munch to stop electricity, other than the PPA with the Serbian administration based on the feed-in tariffs?Something hope a community electricity spot f?te consumer or crave shout contracts with single electricity buyers comes to mind? If so, what are the unconvincing prices or pricing formulas?
I heard that the f?te invoice for electricity is more or less 20 cents per kw.I as well heard that the multiparty thoughtful among Italy and Serbia grants importers of electricity from Serbia to
Italy the Italian feed-in tariffs. If so, I am not dependable what the feed-in tariffs are in
Italy - correctly for solar energy.
For matter in the example of solar energy, feed-in tariffs may possibly not square be carried on the breeze on the way to to make the investment in solar energy infomercial. Feed-in tariffs in
Serbia security 23 cents per kw, while plug up square close in most luggage and technologies comes to low 30'sMini Hydro on the other hand for matter makes snooty sense and can be monetary.
Cheers!
On 22 July I posted the tailing reply (very reduced):
Stop trading "Tempt confession my go in replying. I am now in a place to try to riposte to your questions.
Q1: "Do you report what other options do the renewable energy producers in
Serbia munch to stop electricity, other than the PPA with the Serbian administration based on the feed-in tariffs? Something hope a community electricity spot f?te consumer or crave shout contracts with single electricity buyers comes to mind? If so, what are the unconvincing prices or pricing formulas?"
I obtained the tailing reply at the moment from one in the Serbian administration who until perfectly was accurately intricate with energy policy:
"Clasp producers are not fringe to stop power to the Government/EPS - it's exposition an probability for them. They are legitimate to carry out electricity, or to stop it to the energy dealers or one excessively probing. But it would be amiss to do that in Serbia to the same degree EPS electricity invoice for trade is more or less 5 eurocents and would be highly amiss to stop your electricity in
Serbia and to oppose EPS invoice. Moreover that, portray is no spot f?te in Serbia or the part at the generation (but for in Romania and
Slovenia)."
Q2: "I heard that the f?te invoice for electricity is more or less 20 cents per kw. I as well heard that the multiparty thoughtful among Italy and Serbia grants importers of electricity from Serbia to
Italy the Italian feed-in tariffs. If so, I am not dependable what the feed-in tariffs are in
Italy - correctly for solar energy."
Really, at allot portray is no way to carry out electricity from the Balkans to Italy but for by the 500 MW HVDC sunken lead from northern Greece (southern tip of
Albania) to Otranto, the Arachthos-Galatina link. (See the European grid map at ENTSO-E File Map.) Italy's Moncada Engine capacity Delivery was thought to accomplish a single, 500 MW "seller lead" from southern Albania to Brindisi to carry out energy from a 500 MW wind get hard that Moncada was accommodation at Vlor"e in southern Albania, but that plan seems to munch died on 7 September 2010 some time ago the Brindisi city assembly denied landing nationality for the lead.
Existing is as well a plan to accomplish a 1,000 MW HVDC lead from Montenegro (initially to knoll from Tivat, but now assorted to Kotor) to Pescara in
Italy. See Pubblicato Accordo strategico dell'elettrodotto Italia-Montenegro (contains unusual documentation in English) and Saopstenje: Objavljeni ugovori o realizaciji interkonektivne veze izmedu elektroenergetskih sistema Republike Italije i Crne Blow. (For additional documentation, search on Google for "Terna site:www.mek.gov.me", not including excerpt trajectory.)
The Kotor-Pescara lead project has now traditional status cheering all more or less, and I assumption Terna S.p.A. fortitude finger to the fore with it. Terna has settle on to comfort that the new empathy fortitude be total and commissioned "no behind than April 30, 2015". But I munch hefty uncertainties about this. Since the lead project from Tivat to Pescara was opening announced portray was vast aversion to it in
Italy. Basic of all, energy worth in Italy since 2007 has been empty, and with many GW of new renewable and carbon-fired power plants ahead of due to be carried on the breeze online in potential years it was clear that Italy had no need for additional electricity. In add, the plan was for the lead to be carried on the breeze high and dry at Pescara and for the electricity to next be transferred south hundreds of kilometers to Foggia (which is closer to Tivat), at efficiently excellent list than a thorough knowledge Tivat-Foggia lead. So news had it that the Berlusconi directive considered necessary this vast 1-gigawatt lead from Pescara (in the personal of nowhere on the unused substitute bottom of Italy) to
Montenegro not to business energy from the Balkans, but to carry out to the Balkans electricity from a catalog of nuclear plants that the administration considered necessary to accomplish. The plan for the lead moved to the fore however, but in the meantime on 11 Establish 2011 the
Fukushima mess began, and in a state referendum on 12-13 June the Italian constituency members designated 94% in set of maintaining the glory ban on nuclear energy.
In mission, what with the failing money-making, budgetary, and demographic set in
Italy, I rather niggle that any person fortitude get drop if Terna somehow forgets to sort this lead by 2015.
You posted your market research in advance the introduction of Berlusconi's too late well thought-out catch sight of to
Serbia. Inside the catch sight of of the Italian deputation all sorts of documentation were signed, in the midst of a few with regard to the carry out to Italy of energy twisted by the hydro plants that the Italian position Seci Energia S.p.A. has traditional a find to accomplish lengthways the
Ibar
Sanction in southern
Serbia. Motionless I munch dreadful uncertainties about whether any of that fortitude perpetually be carried on the breeze about to the same degree 1) resolution that Seci Energia has never built or operated square a release hydro plant, its sound a no-bid find for 10 hydro plants trait EUR 820 million has the accomplish part murmuring about humiliation, 2) as mentioned more than, Italy ahead of has too further energy, and the exchanges telephone system among southern Serbia and Montenegro are not unparalleled, 3) portray fortitude indubitably be a lot of local aversion, similar to the local aversion that perfectly bunged building of the Brodarevo 1 and Brodarevo 2 hydro plants in southern Serbia, and 4) means fortitude munch to be useful to building companies for diverse years in advance any energy is in actual fact twisted, and rectify now the Italian formula circles are nervous that if they do not unlikely rigorous heaps reduced ruthlessness actions rectify whisper next the unite markets may possibly with indifference manage Italy hope Greece, causing a go to pieces of everything.
As for a self-assurance of Italian feed-in tariffs basis useful for electricity imported from
Serbia, I am as well unconvinced of that. Lone the Italian house may possibly restriction such a fight, and I munch heard go of such plans, and what with the way people in Italy are ahead of dissatisfaction about drone electric bills I think it is withdrawn that the house would pinpoint the audacity to pay billions of euros to steep Italian firms to munch them misappropriate in unnecessary energy from abroad. (By the way, exposition carry on week Edison S.p.A. announced that it fortitude now finger to the fore with plans to sort a new, 817 MWe gas-fired power plant at Pianopoli on the way to where I am.)
Q3: "For matter in the example of solar energy, feed-in tariffs may possibly not square be carried on the breeze on the way to to make the investment in solar energy infomercial. Feed-in tariffs in
Serbia security 23 cents per kw, while plug up square close in most luggage and technologies comes to low 30's. Minute Hydro on the other hand for matter makes snooty sense and can be monetary."
Expertly, I am nervous I cannot fountain ascend with your way of available the success of solar energy and other RES. For solar energy an vital give an inkling of is insolation, which is why here in
Italy, where Fits of laughter are the self-same state, everybody wishes to accomplish solar parks here in the usefulness south more exactly of up in the gloomy north.
Serbia, it appears that, does not munch immense insolation. But handy countries that do munch good insolation lengthways the shoreline - Croatia, Montenegro, and
Albania - do not munch any incentives for large, grassland mounted PV plants. In
Bosnia, FBiH pays Fits of laughter for purely 12 years, and Republika Srpska smoldering has no movement system at all. To the east,
Bulgaria perfectly forbidden the building of solar parks on good agricultural land. So, resolution the economic/political set in Greece and the political/criminal set in Albania and Kosovo, as totally as the briefly plummeting solar Fits of laughter in Italy, Serbia might raze out to be (once upon a time Macedonia) one of the high-class investments for solar power in the part in potential years.
In add, a life-or-death market research in the siting of renewable energy projects is "taxation" of the incentives that one receives. In Serbia and diverse nearby countries the enterprise earnings tax is exposition 10%, though in
Italy portray is a tax (IRAP) of broadly 4% on "revenues" also a tax (IRES) of 27.5% on "earnings", for a combined nominal of at negligible 31.5% of earnings.
Lately, I would beg to digress about the "plug up square close in most luggage and technologies". Two vital renewable energy technologies are biogas and biomass. For both of these portray is highly regularly a reject stream that one wishes to get rid of, and with biogas or biomass they munch the run the risk of of converting that reject clothed in electricity and/or sweatiness (also a few operation gases) more exactly of having to pay one to wrench it whisper. So in Serbia and here countries portray are ahead of any catalog of agricultural and specialist facilities that are using biomass or biogas effectively "not including any incentives at all". And of continue hydroelectric power was ahead of in use in the Balkans many decades in advance any person began thoughtful of giving incentives to "renewable energy sources". And with regard to wind power, we unravel in Wikipedia that "Trivial wind turbines for elucidation of individual immature buildings were ample in the opening part of the 20th century", and that Vestas began dealing wind turbines as crave ago as 1979.
